The Doberman is often used as for protection, largely as a result of its intelligence, loyalty, and ability to physically challenge human aggressors.  Although less frequently than in the past, Dobermans continue to be used in police work and in the military.  The breed was used extensively by the U.S. Marines in World War II.  There is a memorial on Guam to the 25 Marine Dobermans who died in the Battle of Guam in 1944.  When used in these roles, Dobermans often inspire fear.  They are often stereotyped in such roles in movies (where they are trained to exhibit seemingly aggressive behavior), and video games.  Consequently, many people are afraid of the breed.  A related problem is the misunderstanding of their legitimate roles: because guard dogs are trained to neutralize unwelcome intruders, many people mistakenly believe that all Dobermans are vicious.

In general, Dobermans are a gentle, loyal, loving, and highly intelligent breed.  Although there is variation in temperament, a typical pet Doberman attacks only if it believes that it, its property, or its family is in danger.  According to a study done by the U. S. Center for Disease Control, the Doberman is involved in human dog bite-related incidents less frequently than many other dog breeds.  Those familiar with the breed consider well bred and properly socialized Dobermans to be excellent pets and companions, suitable for families with other dog breeds, excellent with young children, and even cats.  Dobermans are often called "Velcro" dogs because of their desire to be constantly in the presence of their human companions.